Negotiation Concepts for Commanders by Gary W. Noesner
Law enforcement administrators must understand the crisis negotiator's abilities and methods to resolve critical incidents successfully and peacefully. The art of hostage negotiation has come a long way, and crisis negotiators have developed the skills and knowledge they need to peacefully resolve even the most volatile incidents.
The following document is in pdf format. Source: FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.
http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/1999/jan99leb.pdf

The Crisis Intervention Team by Deborah L. Bower and W. Gene Pettit
The Albuquerque Police Department has found an effective and efficient way to deal with individuals in crisis. Effectively handling individuals in crisis poses a difficulty for all law enforcement agencies. The Albuquerque, New Mexico, Police Department implemented a program that stands as an effective and efficient method of crisis intervention.
The following document is in pdf format. Source: FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin.
http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2001/feb01leb.pdf

Third-Party Intermediaries and Crisis Negotiations by Stephen J. Rommano
This article looks closely at an 81-day siege between a group known as the Freemen and law enforcement authorities. It provides an opportunity to examine several crisis negotiation techniques, particularly the use of third-party intermediaries (TPIs). Law enforcement must ensure that caution and control remain uppermost in the minds of negotiators when TPIs become part of their crisis management strategy. In this way negotiators can use TPIs as another tool in their attempts to resolve tense and potentially tragic hostage or barricade situations.
The following document is in pdf format. Source: FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/1998/oct98leb.pdf

The FBI's Critical Incident Stress Management Program by Vincent J. McNally and Roger M. Solomon, Ph.D.
The FBI recognizes that two-thirds of officers involved in shooting incidents may experience significant emotional reactions. Typical responses include a heightened sense of danger, flashbacks, and nightmares. The Critical Incident Stress Management Program safeguards and promotes the psychological well-being of FBI employees following traumatic experiences. These intervention methods may prove helpful to other law enforcement agencies faced with similar situations.
The following document is in pdf format. Source: FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/1999/feb99leb.pdf

Crisis Intervention: Using Active Listening Skills in Negotiations by Gary W. Noesner, M. Ed. and Mike Webster, Ed. D.
Crisis negotiators must respond to critical incidents involving individuals who display a variety of behavioral traits. However, during the majority of critical incidents, negotiators confront subjects who manifest predominantly expressive behavior. Expressive subjects are in a state of crisis that blocks their normal coping mechanisms for handling stress. Skilled and patient negotiators can significantly influence such a subject's behavior by being supportive and non-confrontational. http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/1997/aug974.htm